搜题，就来丰阳塔题库【问题】 CrocodilestodaylookverysimilartoonesfromtheJurassicperiodsome200millionyearsago.Therearealsoveryfewspeciesalivetoday-just25.Otheranimalssuchaslizardsandbirdshaveachievedadiversityofmanythousandsofspeciesinthesameamountoftimeorless. Innewresearch，published
CrocodilestodaylookverysimilartoonesfromtheJurassicperiodsome200millionyearsago.Therearealsoveryfewspeciesalivetoday-just25.Otheranimalssuchaslizardsandbirdshaveachievedadiversityofmanythousandsofspeciesinthesameamountoftimeorless. Innewresearch，publishedtodayinthejournalCommunicationsBiology，scientistsexplainhowcrocodilesfollowapatternofevolutionknownas"punctuatedequilibrium（间断平衡论）".Therateoftheirevolutionisgenerallyslow，butoccasionallytheyevolvemorequicklybecausetheenvironmenthaschanged.Inparticular，thisnewresearchsuggeststhattheirevolutionspeedsupwhentheclimateiswarmer，andthattheirbodysizeincreases. "Ouranalysisusedamachinelearningalgorithm（机器学习算法）toestimateratesofevolution，"saidleadauthorDr.MaxStockdalefromtheUniversityofBristol'sSchoolofGeographicalSciences."Evolutionaryrateistheamountofchangethathastakenplaceoveragivenamountoftime，whichwecanworkoutbycomparingmeasurementsfromfossilsandtakingintoaccounthowoldtheyare.Forourstudywemeasuredbodysize，whichisimportantbecauseitinteractswithhowfastanimalsgrow，howmuchfoodtheyneed，howbigtheirpopulationsareandhowlikelytheyaretobecomeextinct." Thefindingsshowthatthelimiteddiversityofcrocodilesandtheirapparentlackofevolutionisaresultofaslowevolutionaryrate.Itseemsthecrocodilesarrivedatabodyplanthatwasveryefficientandversatile（多功能的）enoughthattheydidn'tneedtochangeitinordertosurvive.ThisversatilitycouldbeoneexplanationwhycrocodilessurvivedthemeteorimpactattheendoftheCretaceousperiod，inwhichthedinosaursperished. Crocodilesgenerallythrivebetterinwarmconditionsbecausetheycannotcontroltheirbodytemperatureandrequirewarmthfromtheenvironment.Theclimateduringtheageofdinosaurswaswarmerthanitistoday，andthatmayexplainwhythereweremanymorevarietiesofcrocodilethanweseenow.Beingabletodrawenergyfromthesunmeanstheydonotneedtoeatasmuchasawarm-bloodedanimallikeabirdoramammal. "Itisfascinatingtoseehowintricatearelationshipexistsbetweentheearthandthelivingthingsweshareitwith，"Dr.Stockdaleadded."Thecrocodileslandeduponalifestylethatwasversatileenoughtoadapttotheenormousenvironmentalchangesthathavetakenplacesincethedinosaurswerearound."（1）Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothenewresearch？______A.Thereareover25differentspeciesofcrocodilesalive.B.Withthechangeoftheenvironment，theevolutionofcrocodilesisfaster.C.Crocodiles'bodysizesneverchange.D.Effectsofclimatecausetheincreaseofcrocodiles'species.（2）Whydoestheauthoranalyzethedataacquiredfromfossilofcrocodiles？______A.Theycanworkoutthespeedofcrocodiles'evolution.B.Theycanknowcrocodiles'numbersinthepast.C.Theycanpredictthetransformationincrocodiles'appearance.D.Theycangetaclearideaofcrocodiles'habitatchanges.（3）What'sthefunctionofcrocodiles'bodystructure？______A.Controllingtheirbodytemperature.B.Preventingenemies'attacks.C.Enablingthemtoevolveataslowerrate.D.Ensuringthediversityoftheirspecies.（4）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"thrive"inparagraph5probablymean？______A.competeB.feedC.behaveD.grow
正确答案：（1）B. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的"The rate of their evolution is generally slow， but occasionally they evolve more quickly because the environment has changed. In partic
题目解析：
本文是一篇说明文。在侏罗纪时期，恐龙因为不能适应环境的改变而灭绝了，但鳄鱼这- - 物种凭借目身多功能的构造适应了环境的变化，存活到如今，因此其进化率也很低。
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